English اردو
Nikaat-e-SuKhan #6:
Nikaat-e-SuKhan # 66.1: Harf-e-awwal
Nikaat-e-SuKhan kee qist # 6 HaaZ^ir-e-Khidmat hai. is qist^ ke saath` hee Urdu shaa,iree kee buHoor (sing: beHr) kaa bayaan Khatm ho rahaa hai. yooN to is Z^imn meN abh`ee kehne ko bohat kuch` hai lekin meraa Khayaal hai keh jin bunyaadee baatoN aur buHoor kaa Ilm hamaare liYe Z^arooree hai voh taqreeba sab hee pesh kiyaa jaa chukaa hai. ab Z^aroorat is baat kee hai keh is ma'loomaat ko samjh`aa jaaye, Zehn meN biTh`aayaa jaaYe aur ph`ir musalsal aur fikr-aamez istamaal se is ko maaNjh`aa jaaYe taa.k hamaaree adabee aur she'ree koshisheN behter hoN aur yeh chiraaGh hamaare Zari,e se aa,indah aane vaaloN ko poNhache.
6.2: beHr-e-mujtas : yeh ek maqbool beHr hai aur mosooqiyat se bharee huyee hai. is ke arkaan yooN haiN:
mus-taf-i-lun; faa-i-laa-tun; mus-taf-i-lun; faa-i-laa-tun
yeh beHr apnee saalim shakl meN Urdu meN kabh`ee istamaal naheeN hotee hai aur nah hee is kee musaddas (ch`e ruknee) shakl hee musta'mil hai. goyaa yeh beHr Sirf apnee muzaaHif shakl meN hee baaNdh`ee jaatee hai. is kee ek nihaayat maqbool shakl darj-e-zel hai. Ghalib kee yeh
Ghazal bh`alaa kis ko yaad naheeN hai!
6.2.1: beHr-e-mujtas, mucamman, maKhboon, meHzoof, maqt^oo' : ya'nee beHr-e-mujtas kee voh aaTh ruknee shakl jis meN maKhboon, meHzoof aur maqt^oo' ziHaafaat isee tarteeb se ash,aar meN istamal kiYe gaYe hoN. pehle in ziHaafaat se th`oRee see waaqifiyyat HaaSil karnee Z^arooree hai:
(a) maKhbooN ziHaaf: agar :faa-i-laa-tun: kaa pehlaa :alif: nikaal deN to :fa-i-laa-tun: bach rehtaa hai. yehee :faa-i-laa-tun: kaa maKhboon ziHaaf kehlaataa hai. isee t^araH agar :mus-taf-i-lun: kee :seen: nikaal deN to :mu-taf-i-lun: bach jaataa hai jis ko :mu-faa-i-lun: keh dete haiN aur yehee :mus-taf-i-lun: kaa maKhboon ziHaaf hai.
(b) meHzoof ziHaaf: agar :faa-i-laa-tun: kaa :tun: nikaal deN to :faa-i-laa: bach rehtaa hai jis ko :faa-i-lun: keh dete haiN aur yehee :faa-i-laa-tun: kaa meHzoof ziHaaf kehlaataa hai. ab agar :faa-i-lun: kaa :noon: bh`ee nikaal diyaa jaaYe to :faa-i-l: reh jaataa hai (laam per pesh ke saath`!). agar :laam: ko ab saakin kar deejiYe to :faa-i-l: bachaa jo :fa-lun: keh diyaa jaataa hai aur :maqt^oo': ziHaaf ho jaataa hai. is t^araH :fa-lun: ab meHzoof-maqt^oo': ziHaaf huwaa :faa-i-laa-tun: kaa! neeche kee micaal meN dekh`iYe ke yeh ziHaafaat isee tarteeb se baaNdh`e gaYe haiN:
(i) har ek baat peh kehte ho tum keh too kyaa hai?
tumheeN kaho keh yeh andaaz-e-guftgoo kyaa hai? (Ghalib)
mu-faa-i-lun; fa-i-laa-tun; mu-faa-i-lun; fa-lun
har ek baa; t pe kehte; ho tum keh too; kyaa hai
tumheeN kaho; keh yeh andaaz-e; guftgoo; kyaa hai
is beHr meiN :fa-lun: aur :fa-i-lun: donoN ko istamaal karne kee aazaadee hai, ya'nee miSre` kaa doosra rukn in meN se koyee bh`ee ho saktaa hai aur is farq ko vazn kaa farq naheeN maanaa jaataa hai. is kee micaal Mirza Ghalib kee oopar kee Ghazal ke ek aur she'r se dee jaa
saktee hai:
(ii) voh cheez jis ke liYe ham ko ho bahisht azeez
sivaaYe baadah-e-gulfaam-e-mishkboo kyaa hai? (Ghalib)
is she'r kee taqt^ee' karte huwe yeh yaad rakh`iYe keh chooN.k lafz^ :azeez: kee aaKhiree :ze: saakin hai, is ko taqt^ee' meN naheeN liyaa jaaYe gaa. yeh bh`ee Khayaal rahe keh :yaa,e maKhloot^: (ya'nee aisee :ye: jo lafz^ se gh`ul-mil kar us kaa androonee HiSSaa ho jaatee hai,(macala jis t^araH :kyaa, kyoN: vaGhairah meN hai) taqt^ee' meN naheeN lee jaatee hai:
mu-faa-i-lun; fa-i-laa-tun; mu-faa-i-lun; fa-i-lun
voh cheez jis; ke liYe ham; ko ho bahish; t azeez
mu-faa-i-lun; fa-i-laa-tun; mu-faa-i-lun; fa-lun
sivaaYe baa; dah-e-gulfaa; m-e-mishkboo; kyaa hai
dekh`iYe keh pehle miSre kaa aaKhiree rukn :fa-i-lun: hai aur doosre kaa :fa-lun: aur is kee ijaazat hai.
6.2.2: beHr-e-mujtas, mucamman, maKhboon : ya'nee beHr-e-mujtas kee voh aaTh` ruknee shakl jis meN us kaa maKhboon ziHaaf istamaal huwaa hai. in ziHaafaat kee shakleN 6.2.1 meN bayaan kar dee gayee haiN (:mus-taf-i-lun: kaa ziHaaf :mu-faa-i-lun: aur :faa-i-laa-tun: kaa ziHaaf :fa-i-laa-tun-). micaal HaaZ^ir hai:
ajab nishaat^ se, jallaad ke, chale haiN ham, aage
keh apne saaYe se sar, paa,ooN se hai do qadam aage (Ghalib)
mu-faa-i-lun; fa-i-laa-tun; mu-faa-i-lun; fa-i-laa-tun
ajab nishaa; t^ se jallaa; d ke chale; haiN ham aage
keh apne saa; Ye se sar paa; ooN se hai do; qadam aage
Ghaur keejiYe keh kis t^araH :ham aage: aur :qadam aage: meN taqt^ee' kee Khaat^ir alfaaz^ ko yak-aavaaz kar ke milaa diyaa gayaa hai aur :hamaage, qadamaage: banaa kar taqt^ee' kee gayee hai.
6.3: beHr-e-muZ^aara' : yeh beHr kabh`ee apnee saalim shakl meN istamaal naheeN hotee hai. is kee musaddas shakl bh`ee musta'mal naheeN hai. goyaa is kee Sirf mucamman, muzaaHif shakleN hee baaNdh`ee jaatee haiN. is beHr ke arkaan darj-e-zel haiN:
mu-faa-ee-lun; faa-i-laa-tun; mu-faa-ee-lun; faa-i-laa-tun
is beHr kee micaaleN dekh`iYe.
6.3.1: beHr-e-muZ^aara', mucamman, aKhrab, makfoof, meHzoof : ya'nee is beHr kee voh aaTh ruknee shakl jis meN us ke aKhrab, makfoof aur meHzoo ziHaafaat isee tarteeb se istamaal kiYe gaYe hoN. in ziHaafaat kee tafSeel yooN hai:
aKhrab: agar :mu-faa-ee-lun: kee :meem: aur :noon: donoN nikaal deN to Sirf :faa-ee-l: bach rehtaa hai. is ko :maf-ool: keh dete haiN aur yehee :mu-faa-ee-lun: kaa aKhrab ziHaaf hai.
makfoof: agar :faa-i-laa-tun: kaa :noon: yaa :mu-faa-ee-lun: kaa :noon: nikaal deN to bil.tarteeb :faa-i-laat: aur :mu-faa-eel: bach rehte haiN. in ko maZkoorah saalim arkaan ke makfoof ziHaafaat kahaa jaataa hai. ya'nee :faa-i-laat: makfoof ziHaaf hai :faa-i-laa-tun: kaa aur :mu-faa-eel: makfoof ziHaaf hai :mu-faa-ee-lun: kaa.
meHzoof: agar :faa-i-laa-tun: kaa :tun: aur :mu-faa-ee-lun: kaa :lun: nikaal deN to bil.tarteeb :faa-i-laa: aur :mu-faa-ee: bach rehte haiN jin ko :faa-i-lun: aur :fa-oo-lun: keh dete haiN. yehee maZkoorah saalim arkaan ke meHzoof ziHaafaat haiN.
ab aap is beHr kee taqt^ee' kee micaal mulaaHiz^ah farmaa,iYe:
muddat huyee hai yaar ko mehmaaN kiYe huwe
josh-e-qadaH se bazm chiraaGhaaN kiYe huwe (Ghalib)
maf-ool; faa-i-laat; mu-faa-eel; faa-i-lun
muddat hu; ee hai yaar; ko mehmaaN ki; Ye huwe
josh-e-qa; daH se bazm; chiraaGhaaN ki; Ye huwe
6.3.2: beHr-e-muZ^aara', mucamman, aKHrab : ya'nee is beHr kee voh aaTh ruknee shakl jis meN aKhrab ziHaaf istamaal kiyaa gayaa hai:
ham aap hee ko apnaa maqSood jaante haiN
apne sivaaYe kis ko maujood jaante haiN (Mir)
maf-oo-l; faa-i-laa-tun; maf-oo-l; faa-i-laa-tun
ham aap; hee ko apnaa; maqSood; jaante haiN
apne si; vaaYe kis ko; maujood; jaante haiN
6.4: beHr-e-munsareH : yeh beHr apnee saalim shakl meN kabh`ee istamaal naheeN hotee hai aur nah hee is kee musaddas (ch`e ruknee shakl) hee musta'mil hai. is ke arkaan yooN haiN:
mus-taf-i-lun; maf-oo-laat; mus-taf-i-lun; maf-oo-laat
is beHr kee do (2) maqbool SoorateN darj-e-zel haiN:
6.4.1: beHr-e-munsareH, mucamman, mutawwee, marfoo' : ya'nee is beHr kee voh aaTh ruknee shakl jis meN mutawwee aur marfoo' ziHaafaat isee tarteeb se istamaal kiYe gaYe haiN. in ziHaafaat kee tafSeel yooN hai:
mutawwee ziHaaf: agar :mus-taf-i-lun: meN se Harf :fe: nikaal deN to Sirf :mus-ta-i-lun: reh jaataa hai jis ko :muf-ta-i-lun: se badal dete haiN aur yehee mutawwee ziHaaf kehlaataa hai.
marfoo' : agar :maf-oo-laat: meN se Harf :vav: nikaal deN to Sirf :maf-u-laat: bach jaataa hai jis ko :faa-i-lun: keh dete haiN aur yehee maZkoorah rukn kaa marfoo' ziHaaf hai.
ab aap is kee micaal dekhiYe:
silsilah-e-roz-o-shab naqshgar-e-Haadicaat
silsilah-e-roz-o-shab aSl-e-Hayaat-o-mumaat (Iqbal)
muf-ta-i-lun; faa-i-lun; muf-ta-i-lun; faa-i-laat
silsilah-e; roz-o-shab; naqshgar-e; Haadicaat
silsilah-e; roz-o-shab; aSl-e-Hayaa; t-o-mumaat
6.4.2: beHr-e-munsareH, mucamman, mut^awwee, manHoor : ya'nee is beHr kee voh aaTh ruknee shakl jis meN saalim arkaan ke mut^awwee aur manHoor ziHaafaat isee tarteeb se istamaal kiYe gaYe hoN. in ziHaafaat kee tafSeel yooN hai:
mut^awwee ziHaaf: jaisaa keh oopar likh`aa jaa chukaa hai :mus-taf-i-lun: kaa mut^awwee ziHaaf :muf-ta-i-lun: hai aur :faa-i-laat: mut^awwee ziHaaf hai :maf-oo-laat: kaa.
manHoor ziHaaf: agar :maf-oo-laat: meN se :maf-oo: aur :te: nikaal deN to Sirf :laa: reh jaataa hai. is ko :fa: se badal dete haiN aur is ko manHoor ziHaaf kehte haiN.
aa keh miree jaan ko qaraar naheeN hai
t^aaqat-e-bedaad-e-intiz^aar naheeN hai (Ghalib)
muf-ta-i-lun; faa-i-laat; muf-ta-i-lun; fa
aa keh mire; jaan ko qa; raar naheeN; hai
t^aaqat-e-be; daad-e-inti; z^aar naheeN; hai
6.5: beHr-e-hazaj : yeh beHr Urdu shaa,iree meN bohat maqbool aur aam hai. is kee mucamman (aaTh ruknee) aur musaddas (ch`e ruknee) donoN shakleN istamaal hotee haiN. is ke arkaan darj-e-zel haiN:
mu-faa-ee-lun; mu-faa-ee-lun; mu-faa-ee-lun; mu-faa-ee-lun
is beHr kee chand micaaleN dekh`iYe:
6.5.1: beHr-e-hazaj, mucamman, saalim : ya'nee is beHr kee voh aaTh ruknee shakl jis meN is ke saalim arkaan istamaal huwe haiN. micaal neeche likh`ee hai:
kisee ko de ke dil koyee navaa-sanj-e-fuGhaaN kyoN ho
nah ho jab dil hee seeneh meN to ph`ir muNh meN zabaaN kyoN ho (Ghalib)
mu-faa-ee-lun; mu-faa-ee-lun; mu-faa-ee-lun; mu-faa-ee-lun
kisee ko de; ke dil koyee; navaa-sanj-e; fuGhaaN kyoN ho
nah ho jab dil; hee seeneh meN; to ph`ir muNh meN; zabaaN kyoN ho
6.5.2: beHr-e-hazaj, mucamman, aKhrab : ya'nee is beHr kee voh aaTh ruknee shakl jis meN is ke rukn kaa aKhrab ziHaaf istamaal huwaa hai. aap ko yaad hogaa keh is se qabl likh`aa jaa chukaa hai keh :mu-faa-ee-lun: kaa aKhrab ziHaaf :maf-ool: hai. ab micaal dekh`iYe:
kuch` mauj-e-havaa pechaaN ai Mir! Naz^ar aayee
shaayad keh bahaar aayee, zanjeer naz^ar aayee (Mir)
maf-ool; mu-faa-ee-lun; maf-ool; mu-faa-ee-lun
kuch` mauj-e; havaa pechaaN; ai Mir; naz^ar aayee
shaayad keh; bahaar aayee; zanjeer; naz^ar aayee
6.5.3: beHr-e-hazaj, mucamman, ashtar : ya'nee is beHr kee voh aaTh ruknee shakl jis meN ashtar ziHaaf istamaal kiyaa gayaa hai. agar :mu-faa-ee-lun: meN se :meem: aur :ye: nikaal deN to :faa-i-lun: bachtaa hai jo :mu-faa-ee-lun: kaa ashtar ziHaaf kehlaataa hai.
kehte ho nah deN ge dil ham ne gar paRaa paayaa
dil kahaaN keh gum keeje ham ne mudd,aa paayaa (Ghalib)
faa-i-lun; mu-faa-ee-lun; faa-i-lun; mu-faa-ee-lun
kehte ho; nah deN ge dil ham ne gar; paRaa paayaa
dil kahaaN; keh gum keeje; ham ne mud; d,aa paayaa
6.5.4: beHr-e-hazaj, musaddas, meHzoof : ya'nee is beHr kee voh ch`e (6) ruknee shakl jis meN meHzoof ziHaaf istamaal kiyaa gayaa hai. is se pehle bataayaa jaa chukaa hai keh :mu-faa-ee-lun: kaa meHzoof ziHaaf :fa-oo-lun: hai. micaal mulaaHiz^ah farmaai,Ye:
havas ko hai nishaat^-e-kaar kyaa kyaa
nah ho marnaa to jeene kaa mazaa kyaa (Ghalib)
mu-faa-ee-lun; mu-faa-ee-lun; fa-oo-lun
havas ko hai; nishaat^-e-kaa; r kyaa kyaa
nah ho marnaa; to jeene kaa; mazaa kyaa
6.5.5: beHr-e-hazaj, musaddas, aKhrab, maqbooZ^, meHzoof : ya'nee is beHr kee voh ch`e ruknee shakl jis meN :mu-faa-ee-lun: ke aKhrab, maqbooZ^ aur meHzoof ziHaafaat isee tarteeb se istamaal kiYe gaYe haiN. is se qabl kahaa jaa chukaa hai keh :mu-faa-ee-lun: kaa aKhrab
ziHaaf :maf-ool: hai. agar :mu-faa-ee-lun: kee :ye: nikaal deN to is kaa maqbooZ^ ziHaaf :mu-faa-i-lun: bach rehtaa hai. is se qabl yeh bh`ee bataayaa jaa chukaa hai keh :mu-faa-ee-lun: kaa meHzoof ziHaaf :fa-oo-lun: hai. ab aap micaal dekh`iYe:
dekh`aa to voh gul havaa huwaa hai
kuch` aur hee gul kh`ilaa huwaa hai (Nasim)
maf-ool; mu-faa-i-lun; fa-oo-lun
dekh`aa to; voh gul havaa; huaa hai
ku`ch aur; hee gul kh`ilaa huwaa hai
6.5.6: beHr-e-hazaj, musaddas, aKhram, ashtar, meHzoof : ya'nee is beHr kee voh ch`e ruknee shakl jis meN :mu-faa-ee-lun: ke aKhram, ashtar aur meHzoof ziHaafaat istamaal huwe hoN. tafSeel yooN hai:
aKhram: agar :mu-faa-ee-lun: kee :meem: nikaal deN to :faa-ee-lun: bachtaa hai jis ko :maf-oo-lun: se badal dete haiN aur yehee aKhram ziHaaf hai.
ashtar: agar :mu-faa-ee-lun: kee :meem: aur :ye: donoN nikaal deN to :faa-i-lun: bach jaataa hai jis ko ashtar ziHaaf kehte haiN.
meHzoof: ooper bataayaa jaa chukaa hai keh :mu-faa-ee-lun: kaa meHzoof ziHaaf :fa-oo-lun: hai. ab aap micaal dekh`iYe:
chillayee kaun le gayaa gul
jhuNjhlaayee kaun de gayaa jul (Nasim)
maf-oo-lun; faa-i-lun; fa-oo-lun
chillaayee; kaun le; gayaa gul
jhuNjhlaayee; kaun de; gayaa jul
6.5.7: beHr-e-hazaj, mucamman, aKhrab, makfoof, meHzoof : ya'nee is beHr kee voh aaTh ruknee shakl jis meN bil.tarteeb :mu-faa-ee-lun: ke aKhrab, makfoof aur meHzoof ziHaafaat istamaal huwe haiN. yaad rahe keh aKhrab ziHaaf :maf-ool: hai aur meHzoof ziHaaf :fa-oo-lun: hai. agar :mu-faa-ee-lun: kaa :noon: nikaal deN to :mu-faa-eel: bach jaataa hai aur yeh makfoof ziHaaf kehlaataa hai. micaal HaaZ^ir hai:
too dost kisee kaa bh`ee sitamgar nah huwaa th`aa
auroN peh hai voh z^ulm keh mujh` par nah huwaa th`aa (Ghalib)
maf-o;ol; mu-faa-eel; mu-faa-eel; fa-oo-lun
too dost; kisee kaa bh`ee; sitamgar nah; huwaa th`aa
auroN peh; hai voh z^ulm; keh mujh` par nah; huwaa th`aa
6.6: is qist^ ke saath` hee :Nikaat-e-SuKhan: meN buHoor kaa bayaan Khatm ho rahaa hai. jaisaa keh maiN oopar shuroo' meN arZ^ kar chukaa hooN ab is silsileh meN sher-o-adab ke doosre pehloo zer-e-beHc laaYe jaaYeN ge.
yaar zindah, SuHbat baaqee!
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