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Nikaat-e-SuKhan #5:
Nikaat-e-SuKhan # 5:5.1: Harf.e.avval
:nikaat.e.suKhan: kee yeh qist^ # 5 hai. is se qabl muKhtalif beHroN par muKhtaSar beHc kee jaa chukee hai. abh`ee aur buHoor kaa bayaan baaqee hai. zer-e-naz^ar qist^ isee silsileh kee aglee kaRee hai.
meraa Khayaal hai keh maiN in maZ^aameen ko aur wus,a`t dooN aur aise masaa,il ko zer-e-beHc laa,ooN jo har shaKhS ko apnee shaa,iraanah koshishoN ke dauraan pesh aate haiN lekin kabh`ee to us ko in maraaHil kaa andaazah aur eHsaas naheeN hotaa hai aur kabh`ee eHsaas ke baa-wujood in kee iSlaaH meN dushwaaree pesh aatee hai.
aa,iYe to ph`ir Urdu shaa,i'ree kee beHroN par guftgoo ko aage baRh`aayaa jaaYe.
5.2: beHr-e-kaamil: yeh beHr hamaare yahaaN umooma :mucamman, saalim: (ya'nee apnee aaTh.ruknee shakl meN saalim arkaan ke saath`) ziyaadah maqbool hai. is kee :musaddas, saalim: (ya'nee ch`e ruknee shakl, saalim afaa,eel ke saath`) bh`ee kabh`ee kabh`ee naz 6ar aa jaatee hai, lekin yeh Soorat ziyaadah maqbool naheen hai. is beHr kee mucamman, saalim shakl ke arkaan aur is kee ek micaal darj-e-zel haiN:
kabh`ee ai Haqeeqat-e-muntaz^ar naz^ar aa libaas-e-majaaz meN (Iqbal)
keh hazaaroN sajde taRap rahe haiN miree jabeen-e-niyaaz meN
mu-ta-faa-i-lun; mu-ta-faa-i-lun; mu-ta-faa-i-lun; mu-ta-faa-i-lun
kabh`ee ai Haqee; qat-e-muntaz^ar; naz^ar aa libaa; s-e-majaaz meN
keh hazaaroN saj; de taRap rahe; haiN miree jabee; n-e-niyaaz meN
5.3: beHr-e-muta'qaarib: yeh Urdu kee bohat maqbool beHroN meN se ek hai. is beHr ke arkaan darj-e-zel haiN:
fa-oo-lun; fa-oo-lun; fa-oo-lun; fa-oo-lun
yeh beHr umooman mucamman (aaTh-ruknee) hee istamaal hotee hai aur is kee musaddas (ch`e ruknee) shakl kam hee naz^ar aatee hai. is kee muKhtalif shakleN neeche dee jaa rahee haiN:
5.3.1: beHr-e-muta,qaarib, mucamman, saalim : ya'nee beHr-e-muta,qaarib kee voh aaTh`.ruknee shakl jis meN sirf saalim arkaan istamaal kiYe gaYe haiN. micaal dekh`iYe:
woh nabiyoN meN reHmat laqab paane waalaa
muraadeN GhareeboN kee bar laane waalaa (Hali)
aap ko yaad hogaa keh is sher kaa doosraa miSra is se qabl zer-e-beHc aa chukaa hai. is sher kee taqt^ee' yooN hai:
fa-oo-lun; fa-oo-lun; fa-oo-lun; fa-oo-lun
woh nabiyoN; meN reHmat; laqab paa; ne waalaa
muraadeN; GhareeboN; kee bar laa; ne waalaa
5.3.2: beHr-e-muta,qaarib, mucamman, meHzoof : ya'nee is beHr kee voh aaTh ruknee shakl jis meN is ke meHzoof ziHaaf istamaal kiYe gaYe haiN. Hazaf kaa amal woh hai jis ke Zari,e :fa-oo-lun: se :lun: nikaal diyaa jaataa hai aur bache huYe HiSSeh :fa,oo: ko :fa-al: se badal diyaa jaataa hai, goyaa :fa-al: rukn :fa-oo-lun: kaa meHzoof ziHaaf ban gayaa. Dekh`iYe keh neeche taqt^ee' meN kis t^araH yeh ziHaaf aayaa hai:
gayaa daur-e-sarmaayah-daaree gayaa
tamaashah dikh`aa kar madaaree gayaa (Iqbal)
fa-oo-lun; fa-oo-lun; fa-oo-lun; fa-al
gayaa dau; r-e sarmaa; yah daaree; gayaa
tamaashah; dikh`aa kar; madaaree; gayaa
5.3.3: beHr-e-mutaqaarib, mucamman, maqbooZ^, aslam, muZ^aa,if : ya'nee is beHr kee voh aaTh ruknee shakl jis meN :fa-oo-lun: ke :maqbooZ^ aur aslam: ziHaafaat is t^araH istamaal hote haiN keh un kee ta'daad do-gunee kar dee gayee hai. in ziHaafaat kee Soorat yooN hai:
maqbooZ^: agar :fa-oo-lun: meN se Harf :noon: nikaal deN to :fa-oo-l: reh jaataa hai jo :fa-oo-lun: kaa :maqbooZ^: ziHaaf kehlaataa hai.
aslam: agar :fa-oo-lun: meN se Sirf :fe: nikaal deN to :oo-lun: reh jaataa hai jis ko :fa-lun: se badal dete haiN aur yehee us kaa :aslam: ziHaaf hai.
dekh`iYe neeche ke sher meN yeh ziHaafaat isee tarteeb se aayeN ge aur har miSre meN arkaan kee ta'daad aaTh` ho gee goyaa poore sher meN solah (16) arkaan hoN ge:
maiN z^ulmat-e-shab meN le ke niklooN.gaa apne dar-maaNdah kaarvaaN ko
sharer-fishaaN ho gee aah meree, nafas nafas sho'lah-baar hogaa (Iqbal)
(1) maiN z^ulma; t-e shab; meN le ke; niklooN;
gaa apne; darmaaN; dah kaar; vaaN ko
fa-ool; fa-lun; fa-ool; fa-lun
(2) ) sharar fi; shaaN ho; gee aah; meree;
fa-ool; fa-lun; fa-ool; fa-lun;
nafas na; fas sho'; lah.baar; hogaa
5.3.4: beHr-e-muta,qaarib, musaddas, maqbooZ^, aslam , muZ^aa'if : ya'nee is beHr kee voh ch`e.ruknee shakl jis meN :maqbooZ^ aur aslam: ziHaafaat isee tarteeb se lekin apnee do-gunee ta'daad meN istamaal kiYe gaYe haiN. in ziHaafaat ke banaane kee tafSeel yooN hai:
(1) qabZ^: agar :fa-oo-lun: kee :noon: nikaal deN to jo bach jaataa hai ya'nee :fa-ool: is ko :fa-oo-lun: kaa maqbooZ^ ziHaaf kehte haiN. is kaa Zikr ooper aa.chukaa hai.
(2) agar :fa-oo-lun: kee :fey: nikaal deN to :oo-lun: bachtaa hai jis ko badal kar :fa-lun: kar diyaa jaataa hai. yeh amal :salam: aur yeh shakl :fa-oo-lun: kaa aslam ziHaaf kehlaatee hai.
dekh`iye keh neeche kee micaal meN yeh ziHaafaat isee tarteeb se aaYe haiN aur un kee taa'daad ko do-gunaa bh`ee kar diyaa gayaa hai. yaad rahe keh yeh beHr kee musaddas shakl hai, chunaan.ch har miSre meN ch`e-che (6) arkaan hoN.ge aur poore sher meN baarah (12); [kyoN.k yeh muZ^aa'if hai!!]:
Khumaar-e-mai meN woh chehrah kuch` aur lag rahaa th`aa
dam-e-seHar jab Khumaar utraa to maiN ne dekh`aa (Munir Niyazi)
fa-ool; fa-lun; fa-ool; fa-lun; fa-ool; fa-lun
Kumaar-e; mai meN; woh chehrah; kuch` au; r lag ra; haa th`aa
Dam-e-se; Har jab; Khumar; utraa; to maiN ne; dekh`aa
5.3.5: beHr-e-muta,qaarib, mucamman, aslam : ya'nee is beHr kee voh aaTh ruknee shakl jis meN is kaa :aslam: ziHaaf (fa-lun) istamaal kiyaa gayaa hai. yaad rakh`iye keh beHr-e-muta,qaarib kaa bunyaadee rukn :fa-oo-lun: hai. ab micaal dekh1iYe:
nai muhrah baaqee, nai muhrah-baazee
jeetaa hai Rumi, haaraa hai Razi (Iqbal)
fa-lun; fa-oo-lun; fa-lun; fa-oo-lun
nai muh; rah baaqee; nai muh; rah baazee
jeetaa; hai Rumee; haaraa; hai Razi;
5.4: beHr-e-muta,daarik: yeh Urdu shaa,iree kee ek nihaayat maqbool beHr hai. aap ne bh`ee is meN Z^aroor t^aba'-aazmaaye kee ho gee. haaN, aap ko shaayad yeh naheeN ilm ho gaa keh aap kis beHr meN :Ghot^ah: lagaa rahe haiN! is beHr ke arkaan yooN haiN.
faa-i-lun; faa-i-lun; faa-i-lun; faa-i-lun
yeh beHr apnee mucamman (aaTh ruknee) aur mucamman-muZ^aa,if (ya'nee aisee aaTh ruknee shakl jis meN arkaan kee taa'daad ko do-gunaa kar diyaa gayaa ho jis se har miSre meN aaTh aur her sher meN solah arkaan naz^ar aayeN ge!) ziyaadah istamaal kee gayee hai. KhuSooSa is kee muZ^aa,if shakl bohat maqbool hai, shaayad is liYe keh
is meN mooseeqiyat be-Had hai jaisaa k abh`ee aap Khud dekh` leN ge.
beHr-e-mutadaarik meN is kaa saalim rukn :faa-i-lun: , us kaa :maKhboon: ziHaaf
:fa-i-lun: aur us kaa :maqt^oo': ziHaaf :fi-lun: akcar baaNdh`e jaate haiN. in arkaan ko kisee tarteeb se bh`ee baaNdh`aa jaa saktaa hai lekin ek shart^ hai keh miSre` meN :Huroof: yaa :maatraayeN: baraabar hoN.
Huroof (maatraa) ko shumaar karne kee ek hee tarkeeb mua,ccar hai aur voh yeh hai keh aap saare arkaan Urdu rasm-e-Khat^ meN likh`eN. Macala :fa-i-lun: aur :fa-lun: kee Roman shakleN b.ilkul muKhtalif haiN lekin in kee Urdu rasm-e-Khat meN shakl aur maatraa,oN kee ta'daad b.ilkul ek hee hai.
ab yeh Z^arooree ho gayaa keh aap Zaraa see zeHmat gawaarah kareN aur apne shauq aur muHabbat meN Urdu likh`ne kee mashq kareN taa.k us ko taqt^ee' meN istamaal kar sakeN. agar taqt^ee' se dilchalspee naheeN bh`ee hai (aur her aik ko ho bh`ee naheeN
saktee hai!) to bh`ee Urdu shaa,iree kaa mazah to us ko usee ke rasm-e-Khat^ meN paRhne meN hai. aap ko yaqeen nah aaYe to Zaraa Shakespeare yaa Kalidas ko Urdu
meN likh` kar paRhiye! agar mazah :gadh`e ke sar se seeNg: kee t^araH rafoo-chakkar nah ho jaaYe to maiN quSoorwaar aur :qaabil-e-dast-aNdaazee-e-police: ThehrooN.gaa!
dekh`iYe neeche is ko samjh`aane kee koshish kartaa hooN:
Roman shakl: fa-i-lun ( Huroof = 6)
Urdu shakl: fe (par zabar), ain (par zer), laam (par pesh), noon (saakin): (Huroof =4)
Roman shakl: fa-lun (Huroof =5)
Urdu shakl: fe (par zabar), ain (saakin), laam (par pesh), noon (saakin): (Huroof =4)
aap ne oopar dekh`aa keh donoN arkaan meN maatraa,oN kee ta'daad ek hai, ya'nee chaar (4). yeh ma'loomaat ham aage istamaal kareN ge!
ab mashq ke t^aur per Urdu meN yeh likh`iYe:
maf-ool; mu-faa-eel; mu-faa-eel; fa-al
aur gin kar bataa,iYe keh is naqsheh meN kitnee maatraayeN (Huroof) haiN? agar aap kaa javaab bees (20) hai to aap :pass: ho gaYe!
ab is beHr kee chaNd micaaleN dekh`iYe:
5.4.1: beHr-e-muta,daarik, mucamman, saalim : ya'nee is beHr kee voh aaTh ruknee shakl jis meN is ke saalim arkaan istamaal kiye gaYe haiN:
in butoN kee muHabbat bh`ee kyaa cheez hai
dil-lagee dil-lagee meN Kudaa mil gayaa (Fana Kanpuri)
faa-i-lun; faa-i-lun; faa-i-lun; faa-i-lun
in butoN; ke muHab; bat bhee kyaa; cheez hai
dil-lagee; dil-lagee; meN Khudaa; mil gayaa
5.4.2: beHr-e-muta.daarik, mucamman, saalim, muZ^aa'if : ya'nee is beHr kee voh shakl jis meN is ke saalim arkaan do-gunee ta'daad meN istamaal kiYe gaYe haiN aur is t^araH har miSre meN aaTh (8) arkaan aate haiN. micaal dekh`iYe:
(1) maut z^aalim sahee, maut jaisee bh`ee ho
moTee jh`ooTee adaakaar hargiz naheeN
(2) maiN to kehtaa hoon ai sar-ph`iree zindagee
too gulaabee paree hai to saaGhar meN Dhal (Salam Machlishehri)
(1) maut z^aa; lim sahee; maut jai; see bh`ee ho;
faa-i-lun faa-i-lun; faa-i-lun; faa-i-lun
moTee jhoo; Tee adaa; kaar har; giz naheeN;
(2) maiN to keh; taa hooN ai; sar ph`iree; zindagee
too gulaa; bee paree; hai to saa; Ghar meN Dhal;
5.4.3: beHr-e-muta,daarik, mucamman, maKhboon, muZ^aa'if : ya'nee beHr-e-muta'daarik kee voh aaTh ruknee shakl jis meN maKhboon ziHaaf apnee do-gunee ta'daad meN istamaal huYe haiN. is t^araH jaisaa keh lafz :muZ^aa'if: kaa taqaaZ^ah hai har miSre meN aaTh arkaan hoN ge. yeh bh`ee yaad rakh`iYe keh is beHr meN ziHaafaat kee koyee tarteeb muqarrar naheeN hai aur is silsileh meN aazaadee hai, albattah maatraayeN har miSre meN ek hee ta'daad meN honee Z^arooree haiN:
Zafar aadamee us ko nah jaaniYe.gaa, ho voh kaisaa hee SaaHib-e-fehm-o-Zakaa
jise aish meN yaad-e-Khudaa nah rahee, jise t^aish meN Khauf-e-Khudaa nah rahaa
(Shah Zafar)
fa-i-lun; fa-i-lun; fa-i-lun; fa-i-l-un;
(1)Zafar aa; damee us; ko na jaa; niYe gaa;
ho voh kai; saa hee Saa; Hib-e-feh; m-o-Zakaa
(2)jise ai; sh meN yaa; d-e-Khudaa; nah rahee;
jise t^ai; sh meN Khau; f-e-Khudaa; nah rahaa
yahaaN shaayad yeh kehne kee Z^aroorat naheeN hai keh agar aap Urdu meN is taqt^ee' ko likh` kar arkaan ko shumaar kareN ge to un kee ta'daad donoN miSroN meN baraabar paayeN ge.
5.4.4: beHr-e-muta,daarik, mucamman, maqt^oo', maKhboon, muZ^aa'if : ya'nee beHr-e-muta,daarik kee voh aaTh ruknee shakl jis meN is ke bil-tarteeb :maqt^oo': aur :maKhboon: ziHaafaat apnee muZ^aa'if (do-gunee) Soorat meN istamaal kiYe gaYe haiN. is se qabl yeh Zikr ho chukaa hai keh :faa-i-lun: kaa maqt^oo' ziHaaf :fa-lun: hai aur is kaa maKhboon ziHaaf :fa-i-lun: hai. yeh isee tarteeb meN is beHr meN aayeN ge aur in kee ta'daad har miSre meN do-gunee kar dee jaaYe gee. micaal dekh`iYe:
Tuk HirS-o-hawaa ko ch`oR miyaaN! mat des-bides ph`ire maaraa
qazzaaq ajal kaa looTe hai din raat bajaa kar naqqaaraa (Nazir Akbarabadi)
(1) fa-lun; fa-i-lun; fa-lun; fa-i-lun
Tuk Hir; S-o-hawaa; ko ch`o; R miyaaN;
fa-lun; fa-i-lun; fa-i-lun; fa-lun
mat de; s bide; s ph`ire; maaraa
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(2) fa-lun; fa-i-lun; fa-lun; fa-lun
qazzaa; q ajal; kaa loo; Te hai;
fa-lun; fa-i-lun; fa-lun fa-lun
din raa; t bajaa; kar naq; qaaraa
is marHaleh par aap rukn aur us ke neeche likh`e huwe fiqre kaa vazn milaa kar taSdeeq kar leN keh donoN yaksaaN hee haiN. yeh to z^aahir hai keh donoN miSroN meN Huroof (maatraa,oN) kee ta'daad baraabar hai HaalaaN.k arkaan kee tarteeb muKhtalif hai.
yaar zindah, SuHbat baaqee!
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